[jannet.duff]

Duct, duct , goose!

AMH gene- can we turn it off? and reverse nature?


The AMH GENE, is expressed during fetal development:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-M%C3%...an_hormone

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also known by various other names, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMH gene.[1] It is a hormone that inhibits the development of the Müllerian ducts (paramesonephric ducts) in the male embryo.[2]
Although the AMH receptor is expressed in both male and female fetuses, AMH expression has been isolated to male sertoli cells.[3] Expression of AMH is activated by SOX9 in the male Sertoli cells and causes the irreversible regression of the Müllerian ducts.[4] Because AMH expression is critical to sex differentiation at a specific time during fetal development, it appears to be tightly regulated by SF1, GATA factors, DAX1 and FSH.[5][6][7] Mutations in both the AMH gene and the type II AMH receptor have been shown to cause the persistence of Müllerian derivatives in males that are otherwise normally virilized.[8]
AMH expression also occurs in ovarian granulosa cells of females postpartum, and serves as a molecular biomarker for relative size of the ovarian reserve.[9] In humans, the number of cells in the follicular reserve can be used to predict timing of menopause.[10] In bovine, AMH can be used for selection of females in multi-ovulatory embryo transfer programs by predicting the number of antral follicles developed to ovulation.[11]




https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/AMH

The AMH gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in male sex differentiation. During development of male fetuses, the AMH protein is produced and released (secreted) by cells of the testes. The secreted protein attaches (binds) to its receptor, which is found on the surface of Müllerian duct cells. The Müllerian duct, found in both male and female fetuses, is the precursor to the female reproductive organs. Binding of the AMH protein to its receptor induces self-destruction (apoptosis) of the Müllerian duct cells. As a result, the Müllerian duct breaks down (regresses) in males. In females, who do not produce the AMH protein during fetal development, the Müllerian duct becomes the uterus and fallopian tubes.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramesonephric_duct (mullerian ducts, part of the female reproductive system).
Paramesonephric ducts (or Müllerian ducts) are paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the sinus tubercle in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper one-third of the vagina;[1] in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin.[2]
Embryogenesis[edit]

In mammals, AMH prevents the development of the Müllerian ducts into the uterus and other Müllerian structures.[2] The effect is ipsilateral, that is each testis suppresses Müllerian development only on its own side.[14] In humans, this action takes place during the first 8 weeks of gestation. If no hormone is produced from the gonads, the Müllerian ducts automatically develop, while the Wolffian ducts, which are responsible for male reproductive parts, automatically die.[15] Amounts of AMH that are measurable in the blood vary by age and sex. AMH works by interacting with specific receptors on the surfaces of the cells of target tissues (anti-Müllerian hormone receptors). The best-known and most specific effect, mediated through the AMH type II receptors, includes programmed cell death (apoptosis) of the target tissue (the fetal Müllerian ducts).


the question that comes to mind is, can one de-activate the amh gene, and cause the body to convert the testes into ovaries? in some cases, there are people with ovo-testes.. part ovaries, part testies, either one or both of the testes can be ovotestes. in some cases, people have one testes, one ovary.. (see intersexed conditions). Though it is plainly states that once the protein is bound to the receptor, the mullerian ducts go away and the wolffian ducts are produced, is there a possible way to swtich them from wolfian ducts to mullerian ducts? 

More research to follow.

Some thoughts on turning off the amh gene:

From above: "Expression of AMH is activated by SOX9" If you turn off SOX9 would it not deactivate the AMH?

See Figure 3 from this article - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10...900193/pdf 

According to this article the FOXL2 gene suppresses the SOX9 gene. From some reading I did in the past, FOXL2 is found in the ovaries of all mammalian vertebrate species so by my thinking, this should be found in cow ovaries. So if one were to smear some sort of Bovine Ovary cream on their boys... Oh wait, that's what I've been doing for the past few weeks. I'm not sure whether that would be enough to flip that testes to ovary switch, but I might just find out.

I don't think you would be able to switch ducts though, seems to me the Müllerian duct is destroyed by AMH is it not?

Anyway, interesting articles, thanks for posting.

I did read a piece a few years ago where they where looking into tho posibility of being able to use gene's to flip the testes.