[Katie]

well I posted about a recent finding about it being shown to be in an area of the brain called the `Insula` a few days later in a "news" paper it turns out that it`s in our genes as well!!!

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-...ender.html

this is nothing short of monumental for us! and may prove to be the vindication we need for wider acceptance amonst Normies, a bit like new dna evidence being presented to the court at the last minute to prove our innocence.

either way, Science says ‘These are highly reputable folks going about this exactly the right way, searching the genomes of transgender people to highlight which genes they have variants in. It lends legitimacy, if that needs to be added, that transgender is not a choice but a way of being.'

Could this be the cornerstone for a change in public opinion I and I know others have been waiting for!?

[jannet.duff]

Lets hope so ...(( hugs ))

[tanysquirrel]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XX_male_syndrome

XX male syndrome
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Jump to: navigation, search

XX male syndrome
Synonyms
De la Chapelle syndrome[1]
Specialty
medical genetics

[edit on Wikidata]

[b]XX male syndrome is a rare congenital condition where an individual with a female genotype has phenotypically male characteristics that can vary between cases.[2] In 90% of these individuals the syndrome is caused by unequal crossing over between X and Y chromosomes during meiosis in the father, and results in the X chromosome containing the SRY gene, as opposed to the Y chromosome where it is normally found.[2] When the X with the SRY gene combines with a normal X from the mother during fertilization, the result is an XX male. Less common are SRY-negative XX males which can be caused by a mutation in an autosomal or X chromosomal gene.[2] The masculinization of XX males is variable.
This syndrome is diagnosed through various detection methods and occurs in approximately 1:20 000 newborn males, making it much less common than Klinefelter syndrome.[3][4] Treatment is medically unnecessary, although some individuals choose to undergo treatments to make them appear more male or female. It is also called de la Chapelle syndrome, for Albert de la Chapelle, who characterized it in 1972.[1][5]
[/b]
[b]Masculinization[edit]
[/b]

[/url]
Schematic of sexual differentiation in humans.

The degree to which individuals with XX male syndrome develop the male phenotype is variable, even among SRY-positive individuals.[10] A completely male phenotype usually develops in the presence of the SRY gene but, in some cases, the presence of the SRY gene can result in internal and/or external genitalia ambiguities.[10] Normal XX females undergo X inactivation during which one copy of the X chromosome is silenced. It is thought that X inactivation in XX males may account for the genital ambiguities and incomplete masculinization seen in SRY-positive XX males.[11][10] The X chromosome with the SRY gene is preferentially chosen to be the active X chromosome 90% of the time, which is why a complete male phenotype is often seen in SRY-positive XX males.[11][10] In the remaining 10%, X inactivation spreads to include a portion of the SRY gene, resulting in incomplete masculinization.[11][10]

Masculinization of SRY-negative XX males is dependent upon which genes have mutations and at what point in development these mutations occur.[12]

Genetics[edit]
Males typically have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome in each diploid cell of their bodies. Females typically have two X chromosomes. XX males that are SRY-positive have two X chromosomes, with one of them containing genetic material from the Y chromosome, making them phenotypically male but genetically female.[2]



SRY-positive[edit]

An example of translocation between two chromosomes.

The [url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRY_gene]SRY gene plays an important role in sex determination by initiating testicular development. In most XX males the SRY gene is present. The tip of the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene and, during recombination, a translocation occurs in which the SRY gene on the Y chromosome is moved to become part of an X chromosome.[6][13] The presence of the translocated SRY gene leads to an XX embryo developing male characteristics.

SRY-negative[edit]
In rare cases, an XX male does not have the SRY gene. The exact cause of this condition is unknown but it has been proposed that mutations in the SOX9 gene may contribute to this syndrome since SOX9 plays a role in testes differentiation during development.[14][12] Another proposed cause is mutations to the DAX1 gene which encodes a nuclear hormone receptor.[15][16] DAX1 represses masculinizing genes, therefore, if there is a loss of function of DAX1 then testes can develop in an XX individual.[16] Mutations in SF1 and WNT4 genes are also being studied in connection with SRY-negative XX male syndrome.[16]

[tanysquirrel]

http://www.isna.org/faq/y_chromosome

Want to know more? The following comes from ISNA’s Medical Advisory Board member Dr. Charmian Quigley:
SRY, discovered in 1989, is a small gene located at the tip of the short arm of the Y chromosome. So what does it do? Actually, like all genes, it does nothing except to act as a blueprint for a protein. In this case, the protein of the same name does funky things to DNA, like bending it and unwinding the 2 strands, so that other proteins can get in and attach themselves to other genes that are then turned on. So how did this gene get its reputation (and its name) as the “sex determining” gene?
As is pretty common in the world of genetics, this was because of some errant mice. Researchers in England took a laboratory-made copy of this gene and inserted it artificially into a female (XX) mouse embryo at a very early stage of development. The mouse was “converted” from female to male, so the gene must have been responsible – right? Well, maybe not. A few years later, a similar gene was found on human chromosome 17. When the important part of this gene was inserted into a female mouse embryo, the same thing happened. Voila! A male.
So now we have 2 genes that can turn a female into a male, and one of them is not located on the Y chromosome! How can that be? It turns out that SRY is probably just a facilitator that allows a more critical gene (or genes) to function, by blocking the action of another opposing factor. Can the magic of genetics do the opposite – turn a male into a female? Indeed it can. A gene on the X chromosome (the chromosome one typically associates with “femaleness”) called DAX1 when present in double copy in a male (XY) mouse, turns it into a female.
So now we have genes on the Y that can turn females with XX chromosomes into males and genes on the X that can turn males with XY chromosomes into females… wow! Maleness and femaleness are NOT determined by having an X or a Y, since switching a couple of genes around can turn things upside down.

In fact, there’s a whole lot more to maleness and femaleness than X or Y chromosomes. About 1 in 20,000 men has no Y chromosome, instead having 2 Xs. This means that in the United States there are about 7,500 men without a Y chromosome. The equivalent situation - females who have XY instead of XX chromosomes - can occur for a variety of reasons and overall is similar in frequency.

perhaps we are all XX from the beginning!