[Lotus]

Whats needed for breast growth:

1) Estrogen- are a group of compounds named for their importance in both menstrual and estrous reproductive cycles. They are the primary female sex hormones. Natural estrogens are steroid hormones, while some synthetic ones are non-steroidal.

2) Progesterone -Progesterone is produced in the ovaries (by the corpus luteum), the adrenal glands (near the kidney), and, during pregnancy, in the placenta. Progesterone is also stored in adipose (fat) tissue. but it can also be increased through the use of natural progesterone cream, which is derived from soy or wild yam. PC can be useful for bio-males

3) Prolactin- Prolactin (PRL), also known as lactotrope, is a protein that in humans is probably best known for its role in enabling female mammals to produce milk, increases fat stores in the breasts. Massaging breasts stimulates prolactin.

4) Growth Hormone-also known as somatotropin or somatropin, is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration in humans and other animals. It is a type of mitogen which is specific only to certain kinds of cells. Growth hormone is a 191-amino acid, single-chain polypeptide that is synthesized, stored, and secreted by somatotropic cells within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland.

5) Testosterone -is converted into estrogen by a process called aromatase. The aromatase process takes place in the body’s fat cells, which create a special substance called an aromatase enzyme which converts excess testosterone into estrogen.

Definitions-

Androstenedione (andro) is produced by the testes, adrenal cortex and a small amount by the ovaries.

Androgen Dominance
Excessive androgens, relative to inadequate estrogen or progesterone levels, that are produced endogenously (within the body) or with supplementation can lead to symptoms of acne, increased facial/body hair, and loss of scalp hair.

Aromatase: An enzyme involved in the production of estrogen that acts by catalyzing the conversion of testosterone (an androgen) to estradiol (an estrogen).

Aromatase inhibitors(AIs) are a class of drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer and ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women. They may also be used off-label to treat or prevent gynaecomastia in men.
Aromatase is the enzyme that synthesizes estrogen. As breast and ovarian cancers require estrogen to grow, AIs are taken to either block the production of estrogen or block the action of estrogen on receptors.

Cortisol
Produced by the adrenal glands, this hormone regulates the stress response, glucose metabolism, and immune function. Cortisol has a catabolic (breaking down) action on tissue when levels are too high or out of balance, leading to low immunities, allergies, and stress-related illness.

Pro-Hormones -refers to a committed intra-glandular precursor of a hormone, usually having minimal hormonal effect by itself. The term has been used in medical science since the middle of the 20th century. Though not hormones themselves, prohormones amplify the effects of existing hormones. Examples of natural, human prohormones include proinsulin and pro-opiomelanocortin.

Potentiator-is a drug, herb, or chemical that intensifies the effects of a

The Three E's, (E1), (E2), (E3)
(E1)-Estrone (E1, and also oestrone) is an estrogenic hormone secreted by the ovary as well as adipose tissue,Estrone is the least abundant of the three hormones; estradiol is present almost always in the reproductive female body, and estriol is abundant primarily during pregnancy. (E2),Estradiol is about 10 times as potent as estrone and about 80 times as potent as estriol in its estrogenic effect (E3) Estriol is only produced in significant amounts during pregnancy as it is made by the placenta.

Estrogen receptors -are a group of proteins found inside cells. They are receptors that are activated by the hormone estrogen (17β-estradiol), ERα (alpha and ERβ (beta).....

Both ERs are widely expressed in different tissue types, however there are some notable differences in their expression patterns.

The ERα is found in endometrium, breast cancer cells, ovarian stromal cells, and the hypothalamus. In males, ERα protein is found in the epithelium of the efferent ducts.

The expression of the ERβ protein has been documented in ovarian granulosa cells, kidney, brain, bone, heart, lungs, intestinal mucosa, prostate, and endothelial cells.

Different ligands may differ in their affinity for alpha and beta isoforms of the estrogen receptor:

• 17-beta-estradiol binds equally well to both receptors
  
• estrone, and raloxifene bind preferentially to the alpha receptor
  
• estriol, and genistein to the beta receptor
  

 Androgens also called androgenic hormone or testoid, is the generic term for any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.

Anti-androgens,-or androgen antagonists, first discovered in the 1960s, prevent androgens from expressing their biological effects on responsive tissues.Antiandrogens alter the androgen pathway by blocking the appropriate receptors, competing for binding sites on the cell's surface, or affecting androgen production.


Sex hormone-binding globulin-Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or sex steroid-binding globulin (SSBG) is a glycoprotein that binds to sex hormones, to be specific, androgens and estrogens. Other steroid hormones such as progesterone, cortisol, and other corticosteroids are bound by transcortin.

Free testosterone-is a term that refers to the amount of testosterone in the bloodstream, usually tested in males with certain medical conditions. According to the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC), free testosterone only accounts for 1-4 percent of the testosterone in a typical male's bloodstream.

5-ar - 5 alpha reductase - converts testosterone into dht.

Cyp 19 - Aromatase gene - Increases conversion of free testosterone to estrogen

DHT- Dihydrotestosterone - The most potent androgen, destroys fat, and masculinizes.

DHEA - Dehydroepiandrosterone - Building block hormone for everything else.

Steroidogenesis -is the biological process by which steroids are generated from cholesterol and transformed into other steroids.The pathways of steroidogenesis differ between different species – as an example the pathways of human steroidogenesis are shown in this figure below: The major classes of steroid hormones and some prominent members of the human steroidogenesis are:

Credit jacp114 (thank you)

Estrogenic Herbs:
Pueraria Mirifica - Awesome for breast growth.
Red Clover - Minor aromatase inhibitor, but highly estrogenic. Binds some to alpha estrogen receptors(boob growth receptor).
Hops - Not as estrogenic as PM or red clover, but activates alpha estrogen receptors which stimulate breast growth.

Pro-hormone's:
DHEA - The direct building block of other hormones
Fish oil - provides plenty of good fats and nutrients for hormone production.
FATS/Protein - Go to town. The more fats you take in the more your body has for hormone production. Cholesterol is a direct building block for all other hormones. No more 'light' anything. Whole and saturated fats.
Bovine ovaries - Also estrogenic, and I think pro-aromatase, as well as 5-AR inhibiting.

Pro-Aromatase:
Peony Root - Estrogenic, blocks 5ar and pro-aromatase - Strong.
genistein - Estrogenic and pro-aromatase
Licorice - Anti-androgenic and activates alpha and beta estrogen receptors and blocks 5-ar - Strong, but take in moderation! Link with more info.

Potentiators:
Dandelion root - Good for detoxing the liver, and upregulates estrogen receptors so your body uses the estrogen you are putting in.
Nettle Root - Binds to SHBG (hormone that binds to excess hormones decreasing hormone levels), and decreases 5ar and aromatase. Taking this tends to increase estrogen and testosterone. Would need to be taken with a pro-aromatase, and maybe estrogen.
PABA - Decreases breakdown of estrogen in your body so you have more free estrogen.
Gaba - Increases growth hormone
Grape fruit - Slow the breakdown of estrogen
Deer velvet - Increases growth hormone

Theory:
Breasts grow with a mixture of estrogen and growth hormone. This happens naturally, because your body reacts to estrogens by releasing growth hormone, but I'm thinking you could add supplement to this. Or that estrogen acts as the growth hormone. Bovine ovaries causes a whole cascade of estrogens and growth hormone release, which is why it seems like it is so effective.

So a solid cycle could look like:
1 estrogenic herb
1 pro-hormone
1 pro-aromatase
1 potentiator (vitamins/minerals, etc)
1 anti-androgen

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An androgen antagonist (anti-androgen) can broadly be defined as any compound that has the biological effect of blocking or suppressing the action of male sex hormones such as testosterone within the human body. DHT blocks the conversion of aromatase (bad for breast growth).[/color]
____________________________________________________________________

Reishi-reishi mushrooms significantly reduced levels of 5-alpha reductase, preventing conversion of testosterone into the more potent DHT. High levels of DHT are a risk factor for conditions such as benign prostatatic hypertrophy (BPH), acne, and baldness.

White Peony--Estrogenic, blocks 5ar and pro-aromatase -(ethanol content from extracts increases aromatase) A compound found in white peony inhibits the production of testosterone and promotes the activity of aromatase, which converts testosterone into estrogen.

Spearmint-anti-androgenic properties reduce the level of free testosterone in the blood, while leaving total testosterone and DHEAS unaffected.

Green Tea Epigallocatechin-Green tea (camellia)-Reduce's the conversion of free testosterone into DHT and also raises SHBG (sex-hormone-binding-globulin). The Polyphenols in green tea promotes aromatase, anti-oxidation, estrogen, modifies signaling transduction pathways, relieves oxidative stress (reduces lipid oxidation), possess potent iron-chelating radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities (polyphenols are powerful free radical destroyers), protects against neurological diseases. Green tea catechins ameliorate adipose insulin resistance. (By far an NBE super food that should be in every program).



Pygeum-include phytosterols that inhibit the production of dht. Pygeum also reduce's prolacting levels and block the accumulation of cholesterol in the prostate. Prolactin increase's the uptake of testosterone by the prostate. Pygeum reduces the levels of DHT in the blood and reduces the number of sites where the dht can attach.

Saw palmetto-Saw palmetto-Beta-sitosterol is a natural alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker. Prevents DHT from accumulating in prostate tissue that would otherwise cause excessive cell growth and inflammation. The plant steroids in saw palmetto also act on progesterone receptors, an action that causes a reduction in estrogen levels.

DIM is Diindolylmethane-It is an anti carcinogen and also improves estrogen metabolism. Plant-derived 3,3′-Diindolylmethane Is a Strong Androgen Antagonist in Human Prostate Cancer Cells* DIM is remarkably similar in conformational geometry and surface charge distribution to an established synthetic AR antagonist, Taken with estrogen agonist, activities of DIM are seen as an hormone disrupter. DIM is the first example of a pure androgen receptor antagonist from plants.

Nettle Root--Binds to SHBG (hormone that binds to excess hormones by decreasing hormone levels), and decreases 5ar and aromatase. Taking this tends to increase estrogen and testosterone. Would need to be taken with a pro-aromatase, and maybe estrogen.

Nettle root can interfere with or block a number these hormone-related chemical processes in the body that are implicated in the development of BPH. In clinical research, nettle has demonstrated the ability to stop the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (by inhibiting aromatase, an enzyme required for the conversion), as well as to directly bind to SHBG itself - thereby preventing SHBG from binding to other hormones. Other research also reveals that nettles can prevent SHBG that has already bound to a hormone from attaching to the receptor sites on the prostate, as well as to decrease the production of estrogens (estradiol and estrone) by inhibiting an enzyme required for their production. The effect of nettle root on dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels has also made it a treatment for hair loss, as male pattern balding has often been linked to an excess of DHT, as has hair loss in women too.

Chinese Skullcap Inhibits the 5alpha-reductase enzyme-
Baicalein has been shown to inhibit the 5alpha-reductase enzyme, which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT).  DHT is strongly associated with the development of prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia) and prostate cancer.  As such, baicalein is reported to be potentially useful for the prevention and/or treatment of androgen-dependent (testosterone-driven) disorders, including prostate enlargement and prostate cancer.

Licorice needs to be in the list
Use with extreme caution

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)-Anti-androgenic and activates alpha and beta estrogen receptors and blocks 5-ar - Strong, but take in moderation!

Licorice is a flavorful substance that has been used in food and medicinal remedies for thousands of years. It is also known as “sweet root,” licorice root contains a compound that is about 50 times sweeter than sugar. It has been used in both Eastern and Western medicine to treat a variety of illnesses ranging from the common cold to liver disease. Licorice affects the endocrine system because it contains isoflavones (phytoestrogens), which are chemicals found in plants that may mimic the effects of estrogen and relieve menopausal symptoms and menstrual disorders. Licorice may also reduce testosterone levels, which can contribute to hirsutism in women.

A small clinical trial published in 2004 by Armanini and colleagues found that licorice root significantly decreases testosterone levels in healthy female volunteers. Women taking daily licorice root experienced a drop in total testosterone levels after 1 month and testosterone levels returned to normal after discontinuation. It is unclear as to whether licorice root affects free testosterone levels. The endocrine effect is thought to be due to phytoestrogens and other chemicals found in licorice root, including the steroid glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid, which also have a weak anti-androgen effect
http://www.breastnexus.com/showthread.php?tid=5250

-Licorice root is the only herb that balances estrogen, stimulates prolactin, and blocks testosterone all at the same time. Licorice contains numerous phytoestrogenic compounds such as glabridin, glaberine, and 3-hydroxyglabrol.

Additional info on licorice root

-Beneficial for hypoglycemia, bronchitis, colitis, diverticulosis, gastritis, stress, colds, nausea, and inflammation. Cleanses the colon, promotes adrenal gland function, decreases muscle or skeletal spasms, and increases the fluidity of mucus from the lungs and bronchial tubes. Has estrogen-like hormone effects; changes the voice. Studies show licorice root stimulates the production of interferon. Warning: Do not use if you have high blood pressure."

-Lessen symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. By enhancing cortisol activity, glycyrrhizin helps to increase energy, ease stress, and reduce the symptoms of ailments sensitive to cortisol levels, such as chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromylagia. In the 1800s, licorice extract was a common remedy for a type of persistent fatigue known as neurasthenia, the condition now known as chronic fatigue syndrome

-For most disorders: Take 200 mg standardized extract in pill form three times a day, or 20 to 45 drops, three times a day, of a 1:5 tincture. (The 1:5 tincture represents one part herb is soaked in five parts liquid

-Don't use licorice candy in place of supplements. Most red or black licorice candy sold in the United States contains anise oil as a flavoring rather than licorice. Candy made in Europe may contain licorice, but the quantities are not standardized.

-Licorice can raise blood pressure--a function of glycyrrhizin's action on the adrenal glands--so avoid taking more than the recommended dosage. If you take licorice for more than four weeks, have your blood pressure checked. (Stop taking the herb at the first sign of high blood pressure; this side effect is reversible.)

-At high doses taken over long periods of time, licorice can result in excessive salt loss from the blood, heart irregularities, and other serious health problems. Symptoms of this type of overdose may include headache, swelling, stiffness, shortness of breath, upper abdominal pain, and lethargy, among others.

Herbs/plant based and grains used for breast enlargement

• Alfalfa-Natural phytoestrogens, helps with menopausal symptoms, inhibits bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency
  

• Anise-Stimulates breast growth by increasing E, (1980 study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology)
  

• Ashwagandha-Adaptogen, restores a sense of well-being, similar to Panax ginseng
  

• Black cohosh-Appears to bind to estrogen receptors, mimics hormonal effects of estrogen, estriol
  

• Blessed thistle-Increases the flow of milk, (causes irritation of GI tract)
  

• Chaste tree-Corrects hormone imbalances, increases LH in favor of Estrogen, binds to ER-a (estrogen receptor alpha) progesterone receptor
  

• Chinese Skullcap-Inhibits 5-alpha-reductase enzyme
  

• Coconut Oil-Makes connective tissues stronger, superb antioxidant, neutralizes free radicals and slowing down aging, aids in breast feeding, nature's richest source of MCFAs. 5 ar inhibitor, aromatase
  

• Dandelion root-Upregulates estrogen receptors, useful for detox
  

• Damiana-For hormone imbalance, improve poor mammary gland development
  

• Dong Quai-Balance hormones, assists breast enlargement, improves gland function activities
  

• Fennel-Promotes milk production, nutrient rich for NBE growth, stimulates the growth of breast tissue
  

• Fenugreek-Prolactin source, phytoestrogen, adaptogen, lowers blood sugars (caution)
  

• Flax-Phytoestrogen, increases SHBG, source of omega-3 fatty acids, anti-estrogenic activity/aromatase
  

• Goats rue-Builds breast tissue and increases milk supply
  

• Hops-estrogen receptors alpha ER-a (which stimulates breast growth), increases SHBG which binds free testosterone
  

• Ladies Mantle--The Tannis (6-8%) in LM causes contractions, protects conjunctive and elastic tissues, contains salicylic acid (a mild painkilling action) for painful menstrual periods, It's astringent increases blood flow for circulation and helps with saggy breasts.
  

• Nettle root-Binds to SHBG, increases estrogen and testosterone
  

• Oats-Phytoestrogen, decreases SHBG, source of zinc, iron, vitamins B6, vitamin E and amino acids
  

• Licorice Root-Anti-androgenic, activates alpha and beta estrogen receptors and blocks 5-ar, DGL is thought to have fewer side effects
  

• Maca root-Abundant in amino acids, phytonutrients, healthy fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, increase in energy and libido, adaptogen
  

• Marshmallow Root-Inhibits Hyaluronidase, increases tissue permeability
  

• Milk Thistle-Cleanses the liver of excess hormones
  

• PABA- Decreases breakdown of estrogen in your body so you have more free estrogen. (That's not a good thing necessarily, you want to speed up estrogen metabolism).
  

• Passion Flower-Calming agent that adds to total well being
  

• Pueraria Mirifica-Phytoestrogen, minor anti-androgen (daidzien), anti-estrogenic (ER-beta), miroestrol/dexymiroestrol bind to estrogen receptors (ER-a)
  

• Pygeum-Reduces the level of DHT, reduces prolacting levels, Inhibits 5-alpha reductase
  

• Red clover-Minor aromatase inhibitor, highly estrogenic, Binds to alpha estrogen receptor alpha (ER-a)
  

• Red raspberry--Balance hormones, promotes breast health
  

• Red Reishi-Significantly reduces levels of 5-alpha reductase (DHT)
  

• Saw palmetto-DHT inhibiting effect, acts on progesterone receptors (causing a reduction in estrogen levels)
  

• Shatavari-Phytoestrogen, normalizes estrogen levels, prolactin source, adaptogen
  

• Senna-To increase absorption and effectiveness of herbs, eliminates toxins
  

• Spearmint-Anti-androgenic properties, reduces the level of free testosterone in the blood, while leaving total testosterone and DHEAS unaffected
  

• Watercress-Increases energy, high in iron and vitamin E
  

• White peony root-Estrogenic, blocks 5-ar and pro-aromatase
  

• Wild yam-Stimulates hormone production, increases progesterone,  prolactin, anti-androgen, and slows the metabolism of estrone, one of the body's own estrogens.
  

• Yogurt-Rich in vitamins, calcium and minerals, growth factors stimulate fibroblast proliferation, collagen, probiotic , and has lactic acid component
  

Always consult with a medical professional when having concerns about NBE and NBE supplements.

-More to follow-

[Lotus]

Part II

Endocrine System-
The group of glands that produce the majority of the body’s hormones.

Estrogen Dominance-
An excess of estrogen in the absence of adequate levels of progesterone in women (or testosterone in men). It can result from estrogen replacement therapy, menopause, hysterectomy, birth control pills, and/or a decline in ovarian progesterone production. In men, it can result from reduced testosterone production by the testes. In either gender, it can result from exposure to pollutants and toxins (xenoestrogens). The constellation of symptoms ranges from breast tenderness and bloating, to mood swings and depression. Excess estrogens are a risk factor for the development of breast and prostrate cancers.

Essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetherolea, or simply as the "oil of" the plant from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove. An oil is "essential" in the sense that it carries a distinctive scent, or essence, of the plant. Essential oils do not form a distinctive category for any medical, pharmacological, or culinary purpose. They are not essential for health.

Hypnosis tapes are marketed for breast enlargement, but there is little scientific study on this. It claims to work on the mind, to allow it to create the hormones necessary for mammary enlargement.

Isoflavonoids are a class of flavonoid phenolic compounds. They are biologically active compounds, such as phytoestrogens, produced by pea family plants.
Down-Regulation OF Receptor Sites-
A negative feedback cycle, due to excess hormone levels, that results in tissue desensitization and loss of cellular receptor sites wherever hormones bind to cells.

Free Testosterone Index-
Ratio between the amount of testosterone and SHBG (the protein that binds up available testosterone). Indicates the amount of bioavailable, free testosterone.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone found in humans and other animals. It is synthesized and secreted by gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland. FSH regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation and, reproductive processes of the body. FSH and, luteinizing hormone (LH) act synergistically in reproduction.

Luteinizing hormone (LH, also known as lutropin and sometimes lutrophin) is a hormone produced by gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. In females, an acute rise of LH ("LH surge") triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. In males, where LH had also been called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH), it stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone. It acts synergistically with FSH.

Magnet therapy -Stationary magnet therapy claims to affect the energy level of the breasts to cause growth. There is some evidence to suggest that stationary magnet therapy has general health benefits. Magnets have been shown to dilate or constrict blood vessels to normalize their width.

Breast massage (Lymphatic breast massage) Lymphatic breast massage is a type of breast massage designed to stimulate lymphatic movement in the breast tissue.
Massage should not be done roughly. To support this theory, nipple stimulation does cause the pituitary gland to release prolactin.

Miroestrol is a phytoestrogen, a plant-derived chemical that mimics the biological activity of the hormone estrogen. Miroestrol was first reportedly isolated from the Thai herb Pueraria mirifica in 1960 and thought to be responsible for the supposed rejuvenating properties of the plant.[1] However, more recent studies have suggested that the active ingredient may actually be the closely related chemical compound deoxymiroestrol (shown below), and the reported presence of miroestrol may only have been an artifact of the isolation procedure.[2] When deoxymiroestrol is exposed to the oxygen in air, it is converted to miroestrol.

Insulin-Like-Growth Factor (IGF-1 or Somatomedin C)
The most reliable indicator of human growth hormone levels. Low levels indicate Human Growth Hormone Deficiency associated with premature aging, decreased muscle and bone mass, slowing cognitive ability, low libido, and overall reduced quality of life.

Glucocorticoids are produced by the adrenal glands to temporarily inhibit hormonal responses and fertility. Stress causes glucocorticoids to signal the production of GnIH, and the reduction of GnRH.[9]

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or sex steroid-binding globulin (SSBG) is a glycoprotein that binds to sex hormones, to be specific, androgens and estrogens. Other steroid hormones such as progesterone, cortisol, and other corticosteroids are bound by transcortin.

Free testosterone-is a term that refers to the amount of testosterone in the bloodstream, usually tested in males with certain medical conditions. According to the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC), free testosterone only accounts for 1-4 percent of the testosterone in a typical male's bloodstream.

TYPE 2 DIABETES
A condition where the pancreas no longer makes enough insulin to process food intake and regulate blood sugar levels. It is the most common form of preventable diabetes.

LD50 test
On the LD50 test (which measures the dosage that would kill laboratory animals after 14 days, expressed in weight of material per kilogram of body weight), simple water scores a 16.

Human Equivalent Dose-The term human equivalent is used in a number of different contexts. This term can refer to human equivalents of various comparisons of animate and inanimate things.

Xenoestrogens are a type of xenohormone that imitates estrogen. They can be either synthetic or natural chemical compounds. Synthetic xenoestrogens are widely used industrial compounds, such as PCBs, BPA and phthalates, which have estrogenic effects on a living organism even though they differ chemically from the estrogenic substances produced internally by the endocrine system of any organism.

Common acronyms-

• AA: Anti-Androgen
  
• AI: Aromatase inhibitor
  
• BA: Breast Active
  
• BC: Birth Control
  
• BC: (coho): Black or Blue Cohosh
  
• BT: Blessed Thistle
  
• BB:Bountiful Breast
  
• BO: Bovine ovary
  
• BN: Breast Nexus[/b]
  
• CS: Chinese Skullcap
  
• CFS: Chicken foot soup
  
• DHEA: Dehydroepiandrosterone
  
• DHT: Dihydrotestosterone
  
• DIM: Diindolylmethane
  
• DR: Dandelion Root
  
• EB: Emotional Benefit
  
• E: Estrogen
  
• ER: Estrogen Receptors
  
• ER-a: Estrogen Receptor alpha
  
• ER-b Estrogen Receptor beta
  
• EPO: Evening primrose oil
  
• FG: Fenugreek
  
• FSH: Follicle Stimulating Hormone
  
• FSO: Flax Seed Oil
  
• GABA: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
  
• GR: Goat's Rue
  
• GH: Growth Hormone
  
• LH: Luteinizing Hormone
  
• LT: L-Tyrosine
  
• MT: Milk Thistle
  
• MR: Marshmallow Root
  
• MSM:Methyl sulfonyl methane
  
• NBE: Natural Breast Enlargement
  
• NB: Noogleberry
  
• NR: Nettle Root
  
• PABA: Para-Aminobenzoic Acid
  
• PC: Progesterone
  
• PRL: Prolactin
  
• PM: Pueraria Mirifica
  
• PSO: Pumpkin Seed Oil
  
• PO: porcine ovary, SO: Sheep Ovary
  
• RC: Red Clover
  
• RMR: Rock Melon Ringtones
  
• SP: Saw Palmetto
  
• SHBG: Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
  
• T: Testosterone
  
• UB: Ultra Breast
  
• WC: Water Cress
  
• WY: Wild Yam
  
• 5-ar: 5 alpha reductase - converts testosterone into dht.
  

[Lotus]

Supplement info:

Saw palmetto-Saw palmetto- Beta-sitosterol is a natural alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker. Specifically, it prevents a degraded form of testosterone called dihydrotestosterone from accumulating in prostate tissue that would otherwise cause excessive cell growth and inflammation. The plant steroids in saw palmetto also act on progesterone receptors, an action that causes a reduction in estrogen levels. According to the results of a large international trial published in the "Journal of Clinical Oncology" in April 2011, estrogen and progesterone receptor status is a predictive marker of early breast cancer and post-treatment relapse.

Pygeum-
The active constituents of Pygeum extract include phytosterols that inhibit the production of dht. Pygeum also has ingredients that reduce prolacting levels and block the accumulation of cholesterol in the prostate. Prolactin is believed to increase the uptake of testosterone by the prostate, and cholesterol increases binding sites for dht. Pygeum basically reduces the levels of DHT in the blood and reduces the number of sites where the dht can attach. This includes reducing the number of hair follicles where dht would bind. When combined with Saw Palmetto it seems to have a truly synergetic effect on the prevention of hair loss.

Chinese Skullcap Inhibits the 5alpha-reductase enzyme-
Baicalein has been shown to inhibit the 5alpha-reductase enzyme, which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT is strongly associated with the development of prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia) and prostate cancer. As such, baicalein is reported to be potentially useful for the prevention and/or treatment of androgen-dependent (testosterone-driven) disorders, including prostate enlargement and prostate cancer.


DIM is Diindolylmethane. It is an anticarcinogen and also improves estrogen metabolism. Plant-derived 3,3′-Diindolylmethane Is a Strong Androgen Antagonist in Human Prostate Cancer Cells* DIM is remarkably similar in conformational geometry and surface charge distribution to an established synthetic AR antagonist, although the atomic compositions of the two substances are quite different. Taken together with our published reports of the estrogen agonist activities of DIM, the present results establish DIM as a unique bifunctional hormone disrupter. To our knowledge, DIM is the first example of a pure androgen receptor antagonist from plants.
http://www.jbc.org/content/278/23/21136.full

Chaste tree- (or chasteberry) is a native of the Mediterranean region and is traditionally used to correct hormone imbalances.

Maca is powerfully abundant in amino acids, phytonutrients, healthy fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. This superfood (foods that are nutrient-dense and offer tremendous dietary and healing potential) has the ability to increase energy and stamina, oxygenate the blood, support neurotransmitter production, and enhance libido.

Coconut oil contains predominantly medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) or medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). MCFAs provide your skin with antimicrobial agents that ward off infection and disease, while making connective tissues stronger for that much desired softness and elasticity." "MCFAs also has superb antioxidant activities that neutralize free radicals and slow down aging. Coconut oil is nature's richest source of MCFAs."

Black Cohosh-The weak estrogenlike effects of black cohosh suppressed increased luteinizing hormone secretion in menopausal women, and this effect was specifically linked with a reduction in the incidence of hot flashes (Duker et al. 1991). Black cohosh extract has shown estrogenic effects within the body in several studies, but it does not elevate estrogen levels in the blood. Black cohosh extract appears to bind to estrogen receptors in order to mimic the hormonal effects of the weak estrogen, estriol.

Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is a dietary omega-6 fatty acid found in many plant oil extracts. Commercial products are typically made from seed extracts from evening primrose (average oil content 7-14%), blackcurrant (15-20%), borage oil (20-27%) and fungal oil (25%). GLA is not found in high levels in the diet. It has been suggested that some individuals may not convert the omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid to longer chain derivatives, such as GLA, efficiently. Thus, supplementation with GLA-containing oils, such as borage oil and evening primrose oil, is occasionally recommended to increase GLA levels in the body.

More details about White Peony-Chinese peony is a widely grown ornamental plant with several hundred selected cultivars. Many of the cultivars have double flowers with the stamens modified into additional petals. White peony has been important in traditional Chinese medicine and has been shown to affect human androgen levels in vitro. In a 1991 study in the American Journal of Chinese Medicine Takeuchi et al described the effects of paeoniflorin, a compound found in white peony that inhibited the production of testosterone and promoted the activity of aromatase, which converts testosterone into estrogen (7). To date, there have been no studies that translate or explore the clinical effects


More details about Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum)
Red reishi, commonly known as LingZhi in Chinese, is a mushroom thought to have many health benefits. In a research study exploring the anti-androgenic effects of 20 species of mushrooms, reishi mushrooms had the strongest action in inhibiting testosterone (3). That study found that reishi mushrooms significantly reduced levels of 5-alpha reductase, preventing conversion of testosterone into the more potent DHT. High levels of DHT are a risk factor for conditions such as benign prostatatic hypertrophy (BPH), acne, and baldness.


More details about Spearmint-anti-androgenic properties reduce the level of free testosterone in the blood, while leaving total testosterone and DHEAS unaffected, as demonstrated in a study from Turkey by Akdogan and colleagues.

References for the anti-androgens and a more complete list:
http://endometabol.com/?page=article&article_id=3644
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693613/
http://www.jbc.org/content/278/23/21136.full

Epigallocatechin-Green tea (camellia) Reduce the conversion of free testosterone into DHT; Possibly useful for herbal breast reduction.


Genistein- Most phytoestrogenic isoflavonoid. Less times estrogenic than 8-prenylnaringenin. Furthermore, interacts fractionally less with ER-α alpha than ER-β. Slightly increases chances of estrogen positive cancer, but reduces the chances of estrogen negative cancer. Fenugreek is not to be used during pregnancy.

(Both are members of Legume family: Soy, Red clover, Fenugreek, Fennel, Pueraria Mirifica)

Daidzein- is a phytoestrogen that also acts as a phytoandrogen since it activates androgen receptors. Causes body hair growth:

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10...7BF.f04t01

Shatavarins Asparagus-Lactogogue ( Galactagogue), Anticancer properties, Known to be safe. Men may benefit from the herb as well in the treatment of impotence and general sexual debility. Shatavari contains phyto-estrogens, hormones that normalize estrogen levels and also play an important role in preserving women's long term health.

Diosgenin Wild yam, Fenugreek-Estrogenic. Can be converted to progesterone in a lab. Fenugreek seed sprouts contain more diosgenin than non-sprout fenugreek seeds. Anticancer properties. 600mg/day of fenugreek seed powder caused an average increase of breastmilk volume by 20%.

Nettle Root-nettle root can interfere with or block a number these hormone-related chemical processes in the body that are implicated in the development of BPH. In clinical research, nettle has demonstrated the ability to stop the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (by inhibiting aromatase, an enzyme required for the conversion), as well as to directly bind to SHBG itself - thereby preventing SHBG from binding to other hormones. Other research also reveals that nettles can prevent SHBG that has already bound to a hormone from attaching to the receptor sites on the prostate, as well as to decrease the production of estrogens (estradiol and estrone) by inhibiting an enzyme required for their production. The effect of nettle root on dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels has also made it a treatment for hair loss, as male pattern balding has often been linked to an excess of DHT, as has hair loss in women too.

Here's a few more anti-androgens to consider:

Pumpkin Seed Oil: Has been demonstrated to inhibit DHT formation through the inhibitory effect on 5-alpha-reductase activity. Pumpkin seed oil breaks down DHT via the liver.

Emu Oil: Research has shown that emu oil contains a high level of linolenic acid which further research has shown to be an efficient antiandrogen. Linolenic acid is a potent 5 alpha reductase inhibitor and may be usefull in the treatment of disorders related to the hormone Dihydrotestosterone. Linolenic Acid has been suggested to be of use in the disorders such as benign prostratic hyperplasma, acne androgenetic alopecia and hirsuitism.

Even though it's not an AA it's worth mentioning because of its interaction.

L-Lysine: While L-Lysine is NOT a DHT blocker, it may make DHT blockers more effective. Researchers have found that adding a supplementation of L-Lysine can make drugs like Propecia more effective. Since propecia is a DHT inhibitor, as all the natural products mentioned here, the addition of a L-Lysine supplement can make these products also more effective. Studies has shown that L-Lysine combined with a DHT inhibitor can for example promote hair growth in people suffering from androgenetic alopecia.

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Part 2


More Supplements Used For NBE

Alfalfa is said to contain natural phytoestrogens, and the herb has shown
some estrogenic activity in women whose own sex hormone production has declined; thus, Alfalfa is thought to have helped many women with the discomforts of menopause and help with menopausal symptoms, particularly hot flashes. The vitamin K2 found in Alfalfa may also partially inhibit bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency.

Amino acid is any one of a class of simple organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and in certain cases sulfur. These compounds are the building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are biochemical building blocks. (31 common amino acids) http://www.vitamins-supplements.org/amino-acids/

Ashwagandha is an adaptogen, or substance that helps the body adapt to emotional and physical stress and reinstate the metabolic balance in the body after stressful situations, helping the body return to normal function and restoring a sense of well-being. It is said to produce healthful effects similar to those of Panax ginseng.

Dandelion Taraxacum officinal, The root especially effects all forms of secretion and excretion from the body. This boosting of secretion is key to the formation of new breast cells and tissue, and the boosting of excretion is key to the cleansing of the estrogen receptor sites which get clouded with environmental toxins that mimic estrogen.

Chasteberry has been used for centuries to control and regulate the female reproductive system. The herb appears to show the presence of compounds that are able to adjust the production of female hormones. It normalizes hormone levels and helps to regulate menstrual cycles, helping to regulate monthly periods and treating amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) and endometriosis. Chasteberry is believed to promote fertility in women by stimulating growth of the uterine lining, which increases the chances that a fertilized egg will attach to the uterus. Because of its ability to normalize hormone function, Chasteberry has been used to aid the body in regaining a natural balance after the prolonged use of birth control pills.

Damiana has been used for thousands of years as a botanical aphrodisiac that may help a variety of problems. It apparently contains elements that are thought to directly stimulate the nerves, genitals, blood circulation and metabolism, and it is believed to encourage sex drive in both men and women. In males, Damiana is said to help in cases of impotence and erectile dysfunction, as well as relieve erectile failure in attempts at repeated intercourse after orgasm. It is also believed to increase sperm count. As an aphrodisiac, women have found Damiana very helpful. It is said to encourage delivery of oxygen to the genital area and stimulate the genitals, which has been useful in cases where there is lack of desire and frigidity. It is also thought to elevate the level of pleasure during sex and manage sexual trauma.

Evening Primrose possesses a high content of the rare gamma linolenic acid (GLA) that appears to produce a host of beneficial effects. GLA is an unsaturated fatty acid that assists in the production of prostaglandins, the hormones necessary for many important bodily functions. GLA helps the body produce energy and forms part of the structural fats that comprise the brain, muscle, bone marrow and cell membranes.

Fenugreek Seed contains some of the highest concentrations of the plant elements recommended by herbalists for breast enlargement. Also hormone regulator that that has been used to treat menopausal symptoms and balances the female system

Fennel Seed rich in flavonoids that cause estrogenic effects. This boosting of secretion is key to the formation of new breast cells and tissue, and the boosting of excretion is key to the cleansing of the estrogen receptor sites which get clouded with environmental toxins that mimic estrogen.

Dong Quai Root aids the body in the efficient use of hormones. Also used as treatment for some menopause symptoms. It has been used successfully to alleviate PMS (premenstrual syndrome) and menopausal symptoms. Scientists believe that one mechanism of action of Dong Quai is to promote natural progesterone synthesis.

L-Tyrosine A naturally occurring amino acid, Tyrosine plays an important role in the functioning of the adrenal, pituitary, and thyroid glands, which control hormone production. Some studies suggest that Tyrosine may also stimulate the
production of growth hormone, which helps build muscle and reduce body fat.

Pacific Kelp is an excellent source of minerals from the sea, including iodine, which is essential for proper thyroid function.

Mexican Wild Yam Root: Commonly used as a treatment for osteoporosis,
Mexican Wild Yam is a excellent source of Beta-Carotene and diosgenin, which are powerful Phytochemicals aiding in optimal breast development.

MSM makes collagen by changing softer protein into harder connective tissue collagen

L Arginine- Studies suggest that sexual maturity may be delayed by arginine deficiency; conversley, argininein treating sterlity in men. It is foundin high concentrations in the skin and connective tissue, making it helpful and repair of damaged tissue. Arginine is important for muscle metablism. It helps to maintain a proper nitrogen balnce by acting as a vehicle for transpertation and storage, and aiding in the excretion, of excess nitrogen.It is also involved in a variety of enzymes and HORMONES. It aids in stimulating the pancreas to release insulin, is a componant of the pituitary hormone vasopressin, and ASSIST in the release of GROWTH HORMONES. Because arginine is a componant of collagen and aids in building new bone and tendon cells, it can be good for arthritis and connective tissue disorders. Scar tissue that forms during wound healing is made up of collagen, which is rich in arginine.

Orithine- Orithine helps to PROMPT the release of GROWTH HORMONE, which promotes the metabolism of excess fat. This effect is enhanced if orithine is combined with arginine and carnitine. Orithine is necessary for proper immune system and liver function. This Amino Acid also detoxifies ammonia and aids in liver regeneration. High concentrations of Orithine are found in the skin and connective tissue, making it useful for promoting healing and repairing to damaged tisues.
Orithine is synthesized in the body from arginine, and in turn serves as the precurser of citrulline,proline, and glutamic acid.

Amino-Acids used in NBE

Amino acid is any one of a class of simple organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and in certain cases sulfur. These compounds are the building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are biochemical building blocks.


Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be synthesized in the body in adequate amounts and must be obtained from the diet. Non-essential amino acids are those that the body can manufacture from an available source of nitrogen and a carbon skeleton. Semi-essential amino acids are ones that can sometimes be made internally if conditions are right.


L Arginine- Studies suggest that sexual maturity may be delayed by arginine deficiency; conversley, argininein treating sterlity in men. It is foundin high concentrations in the skin and connective tissue, making it helpful and repair of damaged tissue. Arginine is important for muscle metablism. It helps to maintain a proper nitrogen balnce by acting as a vehicle for transpertation and storage, and aiding in the excretion, of excess nitrogen.It is also involved in a variety of enzymes and HORMONES. It aids in stimulating the pancreas to release insulin, is a componant of the pituitary hormone vasopressin, and ASSIST in the release of GROWTH HORMONES. Because arginine is a componant of collagen and aids in building new bone and tendon cells, it can be good for arthritis and connective tissue disorders. Scar tissue that forms during wound healing is made up of collagen, which is rich in arginine.

L-Tyrosine A naturally occurring amino acid, Tyrosine plays an important role in the functioning of the adrenal, pituitary, and thyroid glands, which control hormone production. Some studies suggest that Tyrosine may also stimulate the production of growth hormone, which helps build muscle and reduce
body fat. 

L-Orithine- Orithine helps to PROMPT the release of GROWTH HORMONE, which promotes the metabolism of excess fat. This effect is enhanced if orithine is combined with arginine and carnitine. Orithine is necessary for proper immune system and liver function. This Amino Acid also detoxifies ammonia and aids in liver regeneration. High concentrations of Orithine are found in the skin and connective tissue, making it useful for promoting healing and repairing to damaged tisues. Orithine is synthesized in the body from arginine, and in turn serves as the precurser of citrulline,proline, and glutamic acid.


Aspartic acid - Aspartic acid is alanine with one of the β hydrogens replaced by a carboxylic acid group. Aspartic acid is a part of organic molecules containing an amino group, which can combine in linear arrays to form proteins in living organisms. Although aspartic acid is considered a non-essential amino acid, it plays a paramount role in metabolism during construction of other amino acids and biochemicals in the citric acid cycle. Among the biochemicals that are synthesized from aspartic acid are asparagine, arginine, lysine, methionine, threonine, isoleucine, and several nucleotides.


Gamma-aminobutyric acid - Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-essential amino acid formed from glutamic acid with the help of vitamin B6. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is found in almost every region of brain, and is formed through the activity of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). GABA serves as a inhibitory neurotransmitter to block the transmission of an impulse from one cell to another in the central nervous system.


Glutamine - Glutamine is one of the twenty amino acids generally present in animal proteins. Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body. Over 61% of skeletal muscle tissue is glutamine. It contains two ammonia groups, one from its precursor, glutamate, and the other from free ammonia in the bloodstream. Glutamine is involved in more metabolic processes than any other amino acid. Glutamine is converted to glucose when more glucose is required by the body as an energy source. Glutamine assists in maintaining the proper acid/alkaline balance in the body, and is the basis of the building blocks for the synthesis of RNA and DNA.


Lysine - Lysine is an essential amino acid that has a net positive charge at physiological pH values making it one of the three basic (with respect to charge) amino acids. Lysine is an essential amino acid because it cannot be synthesized in the body and its breakdown is irreversible. It is an essential building block for all protein, and is needed for proper growth and bone development in children. Lysine helps the body absorb and conserve calcium and it plays an important role in the formation of collagen.

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How do I take herbal extracts?

A liquid herbal extract is a concentrated liquid containing an herb's chemical constituents dissolved into a solution of alcohol and water. They are made by extracting ("washing") the herb's chemical constituents out of the inert herb fiber (cellulose) with a solution of alcohol and water. A good liquid herbal extract should optimally preserve the aroma, taste and biological activity of the herb from which it is made. Vanilla extract is a commonly known liquid herbal extract.

Are extracts made from fresh herbs better than ones made from dry herbs?
Many people assume that a fresh herb extract is superior to a dry herb extract, but this is not necessarily true; it really depends upon the unique biochemical, biophysical and energetic properties of the specific herb being extracted. While some herbs do indeed make a superior extract when extracted while still fresh and succulent, there are also many herbs which make a superior extract when extracted after the herb is dried (e.g., Hops, Grindelia). Also, some herbs are best extracted when semi-dried (e.g., Saw Palmetto), or fermented (e.g., Wild Cherry, Sweet Clover), or some are toxic when fresh and must be dried and aged one year before they can be used safely (e.g., Buckthorn, Cascara Sagrada). For thousands of years people have been successfully using hundreds of different herbs for healing, and while some are used fresh, the vast majority are used in their dry form.

What is the purpose of alcohol in liquid herbal extracts?
The grain alcohol used to prepare liquid extracts serves three specific purposes. First, alcohol is the only edible solvent that will extract and preserve many of the naturally occurring herb constituents that are poorly soluble in water, such as essential oils, resins, balsams and many alkaloids. Second, alcohol is an excellent natural preservative, which maximizes the shelf-life of the extracts. Thirdly, alcohol is a great carrying agent which facilitates the absorption of the herb's constituents into the bloodstream.

Why is there so much alcohol in liquid herbal extracts and how much am I really taking?
The amount of alcohol in individual liquid extracts can vary from 20% to 90% depending on the herb being extracted and its content of alcohol and water soluble constituents. For example, to fully extract Cayenne’s alcohol-soluble pungent resins and orange-red pigments requires at least 82% alcohol. A Cayenne extract made with a lower amount of alcohol will contain smaller amounts of Cayenne’s resins and pigments, and therefore will be of lower quality than the higher alcohol extract.

The amount of alcohol you actually consume in a dose of liquid extract is actually very small. For example, taking 30 drops of Echinacea liquid extract (alcohol content of 45% to 50%) amounts to consuming 1/65th of a can of beer or 1/85th of an 8-ounce glass of wine. Also, if you mix those 30 drops of Echinacea liquid extract into 2 ounces of water, that mixture would contain only 0.59% alcohol.

Can I evaporate away the alcohol in liquid herbalextracts by mixing the extract drops into hot water?
A small amount of the alcohol can be removed this way but most of it will stay intimately mixed with the hot water and will remain so even if the water is boiled. That's because alcohol and water are chemical azeotropes and therefore are extremely difficult to separate once they have been mixed. While adding extracts to hot water will not eliminate their alcohol, it can, in some cases, actually damage the extract. Many extracts are heat stable (e.g., Goldenseal) and adding them to hot water does no harm. However, other extracts are damaged by heat (e.g., Valerian) and can be weakened by adding them to hot water. Also, essential oils and other non-water-soluble aromatic compounds found in certain extracts (e.g., Lemon Balm, Chamomile) do not mix well with water and can therefore evaporate away from the hot water. Here you are left with a compromised extract, but the alcohol remains.


How is the best way to take liquid herbal extracts?
You can mix the prescribed number of extract drops into 2 to 4 ounces of water, you can also add the drops to warm tea (not hot) or juice. Certain herbs, because of their stronger action, require more water. For optimal results sip the mixed drops so you can savor the extract's flavor and aroma, although you may not always like the taste.


How many drops are in a one-ounce bottle of liquid herbal extract?
The number of drops in a bottle of liquid extract will vary depending on the viscosity (thickness) of the extract and its molecular weight. In general, most extracts fall within the range of 1,000 to 1,300 drops per ounce.


How can I compare the dosage of herb capsules or tablets to the dosage of liquid herbal extracts?
Liquid herbal extracts are much easier to absorb and assimilate into the body than herb capsules and tablets. Herb capsules and tablets made from crude herb have to be digested (i.e., extracted) by the body before the herb's chemical constituents can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Since many herbs are very woody, digesting and absorbing them can be very difficult, especially for people with health problems. Therefore, much of the capsule or tablet remains undigested and never gets absorbed. However, the chemical constituents in a liquid herbal extract have already been "digested" and can therefore be readily absorbed into the bloodstream. Because of these differences, liquid herbal extracts are a much more efficient means of getting the chemical constituents out of the crude herb and into the bloodstream where they can do their healing work, and because of the widely varying amount of hard-to-digest woody fiber in various herbs and the efficiency of absorbing and assimilating liquid extracts.
http://www.herbaled.org/Faq/faqs.html

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Ok, understanding how your herbals diffuse might help explain why some may have a harder time with absorption. We mentioned before a few things about ways to affect the absorption, without getting too technical lets try to explain a few basics.

1) First is A.D.M.E.,

• Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation.
  
• Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body.
  
• Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites.
  
• Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.
  

The four criteria all influence the drug levels and kinetics of drug exposure to the tissues and hence influence the performance and pharmacological activity of the compound as a drug. (Obviously its herbs)

2) Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug.
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/gsas/g9600/2...rugabs.pdf

3) Saponins- Saponins are basically phyto-chemicals which are found in most of the vegetables, beans and herbs. The well known sources of saponins are soybeans, peas. (Steroidal saponins are a steroid "building block" that are a blueprint for the body to create its own steroids.)

Saponins may improve absorption and elimination of drugs, altering the blood levels and rate of change of drug levels; strongly acid or alkaline herbs may alter absorption of drugs.

4) P450 enzyme-Cytochrome-P450 enzymes are present in most tissues of the body, and play important roles in hormone synthesis and breakdown (including estrogen and testosterone synthesis and metabolism), cholesterol synthesis, and vitamin D metabolism

Grapefruit juice and herbs that inhibit CYP enzyme system can result in much higher levels of drugs in the bloodstream, and longer persistence of the drugs.

CYPs metabolize thousands of endogenous and exogenous chemicals. Some CYPs metabolize only one (or a very few) substrates, such as CYP19 (aromatase),


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5) ADMINISTRATION, (just a few for NBE)

A) Sublingual
Certain drugs are best given beneath the tongue or retained in the cheek pouch and are absorbed from these regions into the local circulation. These vascular areas are ideal for lipid-soluble drugs that would be metabolized in the gut or liver, since the blood vessels in the mouth bypass the liver (do not undergo first pass liver metabolism), and drain directly into the systemic circulation. This route is usually reserved for nitrates and certain hormones.

b) Oral
By far the most common route. The passage of drug from the gut into the blood is influenced by biologic and physicochemical factors and by the dosage form. For most drugs, two- to five-fold differences in the rate or extent of gastrointestinal absorption can occur, depending on the dosage form. These two characteristics, rate and completeness of absorption, comprise bioavailability. Generally, the bioavailability of oral drugs follows the order: solution > suspension > capsule > tablet > coated tablet.

C) Topical-
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including but not limited to creams, foams, gels, lotions and ointments.

D) Rectal
The administration of suppositories is usually reserved for situations in which oral administration is difficult. This route is more frequently used in small children. The rectum is devoid of villi, thus absorption is often slow.

Everyone has different Metabolism, some slow and some fast, that's the reason for the post. We can talk about the reasons why in another thread or in this one.

Any concerns about interactions should be addressed with your physician before starting any program.

[Lotus]

Enzymes

Dedicated to the NBE team: Understanding these enzymes will unlock a huge NBE potential, good luck!

♦ The level of an enzyme presence in a particular body tissue determines the extent to which the hormone conversion will take place - The amount of a certain hormone in particular areas is a critical factor affecting hormonally related health concerns.



Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug.


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1) Aromatase enzyme CYP19-

• There's an enzyme in the bodies of both men and women called aromatase. Its primary action is to produce female sex hormones, or estrogens. It produces them from male sex hormones (androgens) such as testosterone and their precursors.
  

• Aromatase also converts androstenedione (a sex hormone precursor) to the female hormone estrone, another estrogen, although weaker than estradiol.
  

• If you increase the activity of aromatase, you can increase levels of female sex hormones (estradiol, estrone).
  

• If you decrease the activity of aromatase, you can decrease levels of female sex hormones, while increasing relative levels of male sex hormones, e.g. testosterone.
  

• Men's bodies normally contain some level of estrogens, in addition to testosterone and their kind. Likewise, women's bodies contain some level of male androgens including testosterone.
  

• The ratio of male-to-female hormones contributes to our masculinity or femininity. Aromatase is one chemical that can tweak that ratio. It operates the same in both men and women, although an array of compounds can affect its activity.
  

Herbs that convert aromatase-White Peony, Liorice root, Genistein (PM), BO

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2) 5 alpha-reductase-(enzyme)

Inhibition of 5α-reductase results in decreased conversion of testosterone to DHT, leading to increased testosterone and estradiol. Other enzymes compensate to a degree for the absent conversion, spec voifically with local expression at the skin of reductive 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, oxidative 3a-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes. Inhibition of the enzyme can be classified into two categories: steroidal, which are irreversible, and nonsteroidal. 5-α reductase 2 is the one we're interested in, there's more but it gets extremely complicated so I'll spare you the gory details.

Herbs that help block 5 ar, licorice, WP, Reishi, SP, pygeum, nettle root, BO (not an herb), Chinese Skullcap, progesterone cream is a strong 5 ar, linolenic acid, green tea
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3) P450 C17-20 enzyme-Cytochrome (17α-hydroxylase)

-P450 enzymes are present in most tissues of the body, and play important roles in hormone synthesis and breakdown (including estrogen and testosterone synthesis and metabolism), cholesterol synthesis, and vitamin D metabolism

Grapefruit juice and herbs that inhibit CYP enzyme system can result in much higher levels of drugs in the bloodstream, and longer persistence of the drugs.

CYPs metabolize thousands of endogenous and exogenous chemicals. Some CYPs metabolize only one (or a very few) substrates, such as CYP19 (aromatase),

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4) 17ß-HSD-(17ß-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase)


5) 3ß-HSD (3ß-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase)



Although not an enzyme, Saponins are equally important:

6) Saponins- Saponins are basically phyto-chemicals which are found in most of the vegetables, beans and herbs. The well known sources of saponins are soybeans, peas.

Saponins may improve absorption and elimination of drugs, altering the blood levels and rate of change of drug levels; strongly acid or alkaline herbs may alter absorption of drugs.

[Lotus]

NBE definition of adipose: (fat redistribution)


There's a difference between male and female adipose, for the bio-male on NBE there will be a noticeable difference in the elasticity and the accumulation of the fat tissue under the skin. By definition : Accumulation of adipose tissue: excess deposition of fat in the body. The loss of muscle tone will also affect the fat accumulation, most areas of redistribution occur around the hips, buttocks, thighs, and breasts. The time frame varies on losing the male fat and becoming female adipose. What makes these changes occur for the bio-male is the addition of phytoestrogens.


Scientific Study related reports and definitions:
Estrogen and exercise may be related to body fat distribution and leptin in young women http://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0...X/abstract

Lipodystrophy, also called fat redistribution, is a disturbance in the way your body produces, uses and stores fat.
1. (Pathology) any condition resulting in bodily loss or redistribution of fat tissue
2. (Medicine) any condition resulting in bodily loss or redistribution of fat tissue
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003

Estrogen and Raloxifene Modulate Leptin and Its Receptor in Hypothalamus and Adipose Tissue
http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/en.2004-0129

Fat tissue, aging, and cellular senescence
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2941545/

Accumulation of adipose tissue
http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/accumu...tissue.htm

Adipose Tissue -The Global Library of
Women’s Medicine
ISSN: 1756-2228
In obese persons, the location of the adiposity appears to play a role in their androgen metabolism.77 In women with most of the adipose tissue in the abdominal area, there is a tendency for more signs of hyperandrogenism than in women with the obesity in the hip and buttocks area.78 The amount of aromatization also differs depending on the waist-hip ratio. Those women with high ratios have lower aromatization.78

As noted previously, the production rates of androgens are usually increased in obese women, but this is primarily because of an increase in the adrenal secretion of precursors. The conversion rate of A to E1 increases with age and is the major source of estrogen in postmenopausal women.75,79,80 The excessive production of E1 in the fat tissue of postmenopausal obese women can result in abnormal uterine bleeding. This pathologic state may also result from excessive A production with a normal A-to-E1 conversion rate. The physiologic significance of other known aspects of androgen metabolism in fat tissue remains largely speculative.
http://www.glowm.com/section_view/headin...m/item/278

[Lotus]

What is 5-alpha-reductase and what does it do?

Two 5-alpha-reductase (5aR) iso-enzymes have been identified: (type 1) 5-alpha-reductase, and (type 2) 5-alpha-reductase.

• Type 1 5aR has been found in various parts of the body including sebaceous glands, the epidermis, sweat glands, nervous system cells and in hair follicles (dermal papilla, outer root sheath, and matrix). In skin, type 1 5aR activity is primarily concentrated in sebaceous glands of the face and scalp. It is also found in the liver, adrenals and kidneys.
  

• Type 2 5aR has been found in hair follicles as well (dermal papilla, the inner and outer sheath, sebaceous ducts and proximal inner root sheath), the prostate, testicles and liver.
  

• Both types of 5aR can combine with testosterone to form the potent male hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which has a strong affinity for androgen receptors and is responsible for triggering the miniaturization of hair follicles in the scalp that leads to hair loss. At this time it is not known how much circulating (in the blood) vs. locally produced (in the cells) DHT contribute to hair loss, relative to each other. Propecia is the only FDA approved drug that combats hair loss by attempting to inhibit the formation of DHT by binding with 5aR.
  

[attachment=6847]

5-alpha-reductase
Testosterone
http://flipper.diff.org/app/pathways/info/1924

Androgen induction of steroid 5 alpha-reductase may be mediated via insulin-like growth factor-I. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8344190

Male breast cancer and 5α-reductase inhibitors finasteride and dutasteride.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23665270

Saw palmetto seems to decrease estrogen levels in the body. Taking saw palmetto along with estrogen pills might decrease the effectiveness of estrogen pills.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/drugi...l/971.html


Progesterone cream can help to reduce the prostate size. Progesterone's inhibitory effect on 5 alpha reductase is far more effective than Proscar which is standard agents used in traditional medicine to cure BPH. All men over age 40 should consider natural progesterone replacement therapy, or even earlier if there is a history of prostate caner or BPH. The amount needed is 8 - 12 mg a day (1/8 tsp -1/4 tsp twice daily). Men should apply directly to their scrotum (testical sac) twice daily. This allows it to get into the prostate receptors.
http://www.bluemountainrx.com/progesterone_men.htm

[Lotus]

DHT- Dihydrotestosterone-Dht is a male sex hormone, an androgen. 5α-reductase, an enzyme, synthesizes DHT in the adrenal glands, hair follicles, testes and prostate. Male and female adults can lose hair as a consequence of changes in the metabolism of androgen in the body - men more commonly than women. DHT plays a major role in hair loss.

Dht is the most potent androgen, destroys fat, and masculinizes. Dihydrotestosterone is often used in research settings when studying androgenic hormones because it’s a potent, non-aromatizable androgen receptor agonist. Meaning, not only is DHT strong, it also doesn’t convert to estriadol and it binds to androgen receptors.



DHT and NBE
A decrease in the THT ratio might favor the estrogen action for breast enlargement (aromatization of T to estriadol.)


http://www.bloodwork.com/blood-test/dihy...e-dht.html
The abstracts:

The Effects of Transdermal Dihydrotestosterone in the Aging Male: A Prospective, Randomized, Double Blind Study:
http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.12....87.4.8138

Evaluation of androgen antagonism of estrogen effect by dihydrotestosterone.
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/...agonism_of

Selective Androgen Receptor Down-Regulators (SARDs): A New Prostate Cancer Therapy
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/...er_Therapy

[Lotus]

Men produce 3mg to 10mg of T per day, and of that 4% gets converted to DHT and .02% gets converted to estrogen, (estradiol)

The prostate converts 95% of T to DHT by 5 alpha reductase, ( 5ar).

That small .02% of E is converted by the enzyme aromatase, this small percentage can be misleading, estradiol is 100 more potent at the receptor sites then T, that means T needs to balance at the same level to have the same affinity.

[Lotus]

So what is Free Testosterone?

Free T is testosterone that is present within the bloodstream or not bound (locked) to a chemical called albumin. But it's also the functional T, If we were to breakdown testosterone say like how we know estrogen is, i.e.. E1, E2, E3,

Generally,

FT-Free T is about 2% (this is the functional T)

BT-Bound T or 98%
-which is 38% albumin (bloodstream)
-SHBG is 60% (sex-hormone-binding-globulin)

The pituitary releases T about every 60 to 90 minutes.

So Free T or the 2% is the bio-active kind, this is the most important kind, (which is always debated). Free T is what's delivered to the target tissues and can be reduced by DHT. Free T is also the kind thats essential for your health, neurological, reproductive and body building benefits. Low levels of Free T increases body fat, reduces sex drive and may cause depression.

Now this part is not to be confused with what DHT does, which determines secondary sex characteristics and is the primary androgen in the prostrate and hair follicles.